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It has been recognized that system design will benefit from explicit study of the context in which users work. The unaided individual divorced from a social group and from supporting artifacts is no longer the model user. But with this realization about the im portance of context come many difficult questions. What exactly is context? If the individual is no longer central, what is the correct unit of analysis? What are the relations between artifacts, individ-uals, and the social groups to which they belong? This chapter compares three approaches to the study of context: activity theory, situated action models, and distributed cognition. I consider the basic concepts each approach promulgates and evaluate the usefulness of each for the design of technology. 1

A broad range of work in psychology (Leont'ev 1978; Vygotsky 1978; Luna 1979; Scribner 1984; Newman, Griffin, and Cole 1989; Norman 1991; Salomon 1993 …